دانلود کتاب صاعقه توپ طبیعی و مصنوعی در جو زمین

The book is called “Natural and artificial ball lightning in the Earth’s atmosphere” because it is devoted to long-lived luminous formations of both natural and artificial origin. The first is generally accepted name—ball lightning (BL); the second is long-lived luminous objects (LLO), usually obtained in laboratories in experiments with various kinds of discharges or combustible substances, and also more rarely in devices used in everyday life.

The term LLO—more corresponds to the object than the frequently used term “plasmoid”, or artificial BL. It contains at least two properties that distinguish this object from a number of natural and artificial objects: a long lifetime and glow. It separates these objects from “plasmoids”, the properties of which are not clearly defined, and the name contains the word plasma, which makes this object supposedly known.

Natural BL has a large number of observable properties, and it is obviously unclear which of them is the main. Using the term LLO for them highlights glowing objects. The term “long-lived object” also requires decoding. It is an object with an existence time greater or comparable to the minimum time of object perception by observers.

The words about atmospheric pressure emphasize the conditions for the appear-ance of these objects and separate them from the multitude of objects realized in experiments in gas discharge and beam plasma at reduced pressure and in various gases other than air.