دانلود کتاب راهنمای پژوهشی طراحی خط مشی

Well over half a century has passed since the assembly of the elements of and the call for “policy sciences” and decades since those for “policy analysis by design.”1 This Handbook provides good news – the challenges posed have been responded to often in thoughtful, creative, and accountable ways. Yet this Handbook also has the integrity to provide bad news about results from even good faith policy design efforts. Both the good news and the bad news merit our attention. We all are bound (condemned or privileged) to experience consequences of policies be they intentional or not, whether directly delivered by governments or by other institutions with the complicity of governments. Full exit is not a viable option. Indifference and inattention do not guarantee satisfactory, let alone optimal outcomes, whatever our preferences about valuation of policy outcomes and processes. We are then challenged to take toward policy design attempts a blended posture of wary skepticism and aspirational optimism. That should not be insurmountably difficult. After all participants in and fans of competitive sports take such a blended position much of the time. Participants and fans mostly find themselves on the losing side of roster cuts and standings rankings. Yet we mostly do not abandon what are predominantly games of failure.