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Perhaps the best way for me to start this book would be with an anecdote: as a distracted medical student, I often found time (and excuses) to read books outside of medicine. In college, I majored in Middle Eastern History, and I continued to read books related to this subject during medical school. I came across a fascinating work, The Book of Optics (Kitāb al-Manāẓir), by Ibn al- Haytham (965–1039), an Egyptian polymath referred to as “the father of modern optics.” In this text, the author detailed many Optics subjects, including the camera obscura, intromission theory, refraction, and reflection. He described the first real appreciation of the action of a convex lens to produce a magnified image of an object – perhaps a precursor to the dreaded U+D=V equations now studied by ophthalmology trainees. In this seven volume work, he famously contradicted the prevailing theories of Euclid and Ptolemy, which stated that vision occurs because of rays of light emanating from the human eye; instead, he correctly asserted that rays originate from the viewed object and pass into the eye. I was hooked. Reading this medieval Optics textbook was my “a-ha” moment: I knew I wanted to become an ophthalmologist.