دانلود کتاب مجادلات همسران سرکش، شوهران غافل در تفاسیر نوین قرآن

Nowhere has the question of divine intent been as pressing for Muslims in the past two decades than in the field of women and gender in the Qurʾan. In the twenty- first century, Muslim women are caught in a polarity of interpretations regarding their position and rights within a religious tradition that spans fifteen centuries. The status of Muslim women in the world today is by no means monolithic. In some Muslim- majority countries, women have been elected as heads of state and have a higher percentage of higher education compared to men.1 In other Muslim- majority states, however, women still struggle with an unequal standard of citizenship, characterized by restrictions on travel, divorce, and custody rights.2 To what extent are current practices— or their justifications— embedded in religious texts? Is the Qurʾan, Islam’s primary scripture, inherently patriarchal and even misogynist, as reflected by the actions of extremists, or is it egalitarian and empowering to women, as a new wave of Muslim activists and scholars have argued?3 While this question lies at the center of a fierce academic debate among scholars in the twenty- first century, this debate was first inaugurated at the eve of modernity.