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This is a relatively short book about the metaphysics of quantum theory, in which I present my view on what we should believe exists in the world if quantum theory is true. I endorse scientific realism, the view that scientific theories can inform us about the nature of reality. The title indicates that the book is about “quantum things,” referencing Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things), arguably the first text on naturalized metaphysics. Also, the subtitle carries a double meaning, relying on the ambiguity of the word fundamentals. The term can refer to the basic principles of a discipline, as in a title like The Fundamentals of Tensor Calculus for Physicists. However, it can also be understood as the fundamental entities of the quantum world. In the first three chapters, I explore the former meaning (the basic principles), offering a brief review of several approaches that examine the connection between physics and metaphysics, and how these have been adapted to address quantum physics. In the later chapters, I turn to the second meaning of the subtitle (what lies at the foundation). There, I propose what I consider to be the best approach for investigating the metaphysics of quantum theory, and offer my answer to the question: What are the fundamental ingredients of the quantum world?