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This is an empirical game theory book. Traditionally, game theory is presented as a theoretical subject. Generally, applications are discussed but there are no explicit empirical applications. Yet, since the 1990s, game theory has been at the heart of empirical analysis of competition and markets in the economics sub-field of industrial organization. In economics, this layering of theory on to empirical analysis is called structural econometrics. This book is focused on the game theory, not necessarily the econometrics. The book aims to provide an introduction game theory, a mathematical ap- proach to understanding economic relationships. The goal is for the reader to understand what a game is and how the mathematics works. The reader will be able to create a game that explains behavior of economic actors observed in her data. She will be able to ask how questions. She will be able to see how parameters of the game relate to characteristics of the data. She may be able to use the game to ask what if questions. What would the economic actors observed in the data do if the world was different? What if the government introduced a new policy? What if technology changed. What if the hospitals merged? The book covers standard game theory concepts such as normal form games, exentensive form games, Nash equilibrium, mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, and subgame perfection. It also covers standard empirical methods such as linear regression, two-way fixed effects, logit models, and maximum likelihood estimation. But it covers a number of concepts that are important to the intersection of game theory and data analysis such as generalized method of moments and two-step estimators.