دانلود کتاب توسعه شغلی – چشم انداز توسعه منابع انسانی

This book is about careers and how they develop, but to understand what it means to have a career, we should begin at a more foundational level, spe-cifically, work and the role it plays in our lives. The meaningfulness of work in life has global and enduring appeal, as observed in this quote attributed to the Buddha: “Your work is to discover your work and then with all your heart to give yourself to it.” A later observer of careers, B.C. Forbes, the founder of Forbes magazine, recognized the path may not be an easy one: “Think of yourself not as the architect of your career but as the sculptor. Expect to have to do a lot of hard hammering and chiseling and scraping and polishing.” Work and careers are such an integral part of life that the discourse devoted to those interrelated topics spans centuries and extends from social media and popular press to scholarly articles and books. For example, in the mid-nineteen nineties, an article appeared in Fortune Magazine titled “Why do we work” (Dumaine & Sample, 1994). The most obvious answer seemed to be to make money. Yet, the point of the article was that work encompasses more than just financial security. The authors cited a quote by Warren Bennis, a noted leadership scholar of the 20th century “Work really defines who you are. So much of a person’s self-esteem is measured by success at work” (Dumaine & Sample, 1994, p. 198). While some work primarily to make ends meet, given the choice, then as now, people tend to seek out occupations that enhance a sense of self. More recently, research reinforces the idea that in some cultures, work and career are closely tied to individual identity and help define one’s sense of self, a means to fulfill one’s potential or purpose in life (Blustein, 2019; Hall & Las Heras, 2012). Similarly, Duffy and Dik (2013) noted the prevalence of the idea of a calling in scholarly literature on careers. In a later article, Duffy, et al. (2018) noted that while definitions vary, three components seem to make up a sense of calling: “an external or internal summons,” feeling drawn to do a particular type of work; “a sense of overall purpose and meaning,” in the work itself; and “prosocial contributions,” that lead to helping others or contributing to “the common good” (pp. 425–426). While research is ongo-ing regarding this concept, links are evident between seeing one’s career as a calling and positive outcomes such as career commitment and job satisfaction (Duffy & Dik, 2013). Not surprisingly then given the central role of work in life, the loss of a job often means more than just reduction of income or risk of financial insecurity. It may bring into question one’s sense of worth and purpose. In short, work and careers matter to us and may have a profound impact on how we see ourselves and how happy we are in our lives. Varied perspectives regarding the intersection of meaning and work may also affect how employees determine their career goals. Hall and Las Heras (2012) observed that careers can be seen from two different perspectives, the subjective, derived from an individual sense of meaningfulness regarding a career; and the objective, focusing on what others often identify as key indicators of success (e.g., promotions, pay). While traditional career research often honed in on the objective hallmarks, the subjective aspect has gained prominence as the career environment has changed. Our current view of careers is much more expansive and open to individual interpretation and initiative. As a result, the study of careers and career development has become not only more varied, but also more important to Human Resource Development (HRD). Before we go further, let’s define key terms for our continued discussion.