دانلود کتاب دفن زباله فنی و مدیریت پسماند – جلد 2: مدیریت پسماندهای جامد شهری

The term “Solid Waste” as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) refers to any discarded material, such as garbage or refuse, sludge from water and wastewater treatment plants, or emissions from air pollution control facilities, that results from various industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural, and community activities. It is crucial to emphasize that the definition of solid waste is not confined to the physical solid state, as many solid wastes can be in liquid, semi-solid, or gaseous form. Moreover, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), commonly referred to as trash or garbage, initially encompassed all discards in urban areas and may consist of a wide range of items, including product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, and batteries.
The complete waste management system typically includes four key stages: waste generation, collection and transportation, physical/biological/thermal treatment, and landfilling. Each of these stages plays a crucial role in managing solid waste effec-tively. When evaluating and selecting the most appropriate option for any of these stages within a comprehensive waste management system, it is essential to consider various environmental, economic, social, and political factors. This thorough eval-uation ensures that the chosen waste management approach aligns with the overall goals of sustainable development and environmental protection. Furthermore, the identification of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the waste stream is imperative during the selection process. This information provides valu-able insights into the nature of the waste and aids in determining the most suitable treatment or disposal methods.
In conclusion, solid waste, as the RCRA outlines, encompasses a broad spec-trum of materials and by-products generated from diverse human activities. The management of solid waste requires a comprehensive approach that considers not only the physical form of the waste but also its environmental impact and potential for resource recovery. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously evaluate and improve waste management practices to minimize environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. This book presents a study that identifies, in several chapters, the problems of solid waste at technical landfill sites, which constitute a necessary basis for decision-making, especially for outlining solid waste management policy. Proves that intro-ducing, adapting, and developing new technology for properly managing upstream and downstream sorting collection constitutes an excellent contribution to ensuring safe management and mitigating the trend toward global warming by minimizing the environmental impact. Indeed, some of the chapters focused on assessing the polluting potential of this waste on the environment, soil, surface water, ground-water, etc. Around the world, several production units (farms, cooperatives, agri-food industries, etc.) face vast quantities of organic residues and waste and are looking for better ways to recycle them. This waste is often deposited in landfill sites, which considerably impacts the environment. This study of engineering (assessment of the impact of solid waste on the environment) for the proper management of solid waste upstream and downstream could be necessary for the prevention and awareness of decision-makers and specialists for the reduction of pollution to protect the health of the population and subsequently the protection of the environment. In addition, the trained engineer should better understand the fundamental principles and be more aware of the similarities for proposing action plans to minimize environmental pollution problems.
The world is evolving toward a circular economy, which emphasizes lowering waste and extending the useful life of commodities.