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As with prior editions, this third edition of the Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians is written to provide physicians in all specialties with a concise and inexpensive teaching and reference aid on breastfeeding and human lactation. The overall goal of the handbook is to enhance physicians’ knowledge of lactation physiology and clinical practice so that they become comfortable promoting and supporting breastfeeding. The Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians can be used as a guide to teach breastfeeding and lactation theory and practice to medical students, residents, and fellows. Similarly, postgraduate continuing medical education programs can be built around its contents. It is hoped that this handbook will encourage physicians to become teachers of breastfeeding and lactation medicine. Because this handbook is written jointly, to represent the collaborative efforts of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, it addresses collaboration among physicians and between physicians and other health care professionals—especially lactation specialists. To recognize the physician as the coordinator of a health care team that consists of a large number of other professionals, the concept of a medical home for baby and mother is stressed in the book, to help provide a framework on which to build hospital and office policies. While the book is designed primarily for physicians, use by other health care professionals, including nurses, dietitians, and lactation specialists, is welcomed; its use may serve as a bridge between these health care professionals and physicians in achieving coordinated and optimal care. This edition of the handbook contains updates on important evidence for breastfeeding, as well as clinical practices. The first chapters deal with the evidence behind the rationale for breastfeeding and the epidemiology of breastfeeding in the United States. Risk reduction data are provided to give readers estimates of effects. The section on milk composition has been enhanced with a separate chapter on nonnutritive components in human milk, to provide physicians with additional information on how bioactive factors and the microbiome may explain some of the protective effects of breastfeeding. The chapters that follow are organized in a life-cycle format to allow for quick reference. These chapters contain expanded sections on contemporary issues in breastfeeding management, such as the recently revised World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact and safe sleep, assessment of newborn and infant weight changes, medications and vaccine use during lactation, and plans for return to work and workplace lactation. Breastfeeding awareness is increasing in the United States. Current data indicate that 83.9% of women initiate breastfeeding in the hospital, which just surpassed national targets set for 2020. The proportion of women delivering their newborns in a breastfeeding-friendly facility has more than tripled over set targets, and nearly one-half of all women have a lactation program at their workplace. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data (Breastfeeding Report Card, National Immunization Surveys, and Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care Survey data) remain extremely useful in guiding clinical approaches to breastfeeding and emphasize the need to continue working toward eliminating disparities in breastfeeding rates among women. The data provided in the handbook underscore the importance of breastfeeding as a public health imperative, and clinicians should support attempts to remove barriers to its success. The recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, followed by the addition of complementary foods and continued breastfeeding for 2 years or beyond as mutually desired by mother and child, should be advocated with a knowledge base that can be found in these chapters. The development of the Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians is the product of numerous experts in the field of breastfeeding and human lactation. We hope you will find the reference useful for breastfeeding education.