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Apart from its obvious role to sustain life, water plays an important role in the world economy, as it functions as a universal solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances and facilitates industrial cooling and transportation. Potable water notwithstanding, industrial water constitutes a large portion of water usage. Water is used in large facilities and applications, such as cooling towers, boilers, geothermal energy recovery, oil drilling operations, food production, pulp and paper manufacturing, desalination, semiconductor manufacturing, brewing industry, domestic and industrial laundry applications, just to mention a few. In spite of water being a “blessing” to humankind, it is a source of problematic issues, especially in industrial processes. These processes are usually categorized into four major classes: (a) formation of mineral scales and deposits, i.e., calcium carbonate CaCO3, gypsum CaSO4 _2H2O, barite BaSO4, calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2, etc.; (b) suspended solids that create fouling, i.e., mud, silt, clay, precipitated salts, organic debris, etc.; (c) corrosion phenomena that are catastrophic for critical equipment surfaces, but also generate corrosion products, i.e., ZnO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, etc.; and (d) biological (micro and macro) fouling. It is the interaction of these materials with surfaces that creates operational issues in industrial environments, for example, heat transfer surfaces in boiler, cooling, geothermal and power plants, distillation systems, and reverse osmosis (RO) installations. Common problems include overheating, loss of system efficiency, unscheduled shutdown time, and premature equipment replacement. Thus, the efficient operation of industrial water systems is largely dependent on the control of these deposits, by either removing their cause(s), or combating the problem itself, or taking corrective measures after failure.a