دانلود کتاب درک دینامیک انرژی هسته ای و کاهش انتشار CO2

Energy plays a fundamental role in the well-being, prosperity, and improved living conditions of all of us. Consistent with the United Nations’ SDGs especially Number 7: “ensuring the reliable, affordable and cleaner supply of energy for all”, energy policy planners and decision makers of any region, state, or country aspire to have a common goal–adequate, reliable, cleaner, and affordable supply of energy. Pakistan, a developing country with increasing energy demand, faces challenges and opportunities in its energy sector. On the one hand, the country is facing severe issues in energy supply: (i) severe load-shedding and bailouts are becoming a norm in the electricity supply sector, (ii) affordability is an issue (due to relatively higher prices), and (iii) electricity-related emissions are increasing at an alarming rate. On the other, the country has a successful nuclear power experience with an abundance of available indigenous nuclear power fuel and fuel-manufacturing capability. Pakistan has also signed and ratified the Paris Agreement (PA) in 2016 which requires a reduction of GHG emissions from their peak level by 2030. To achieve a reduction in GHG emissions, Pakistan has submitted a report, Pakistan’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (Pak-INDC) in 2016. The Pak-INDC presents principles and actions that are underway for reducing GHG emissions. It also describes mitigation and adaptation measures already being implemented in Pakistan. However, given the continuing nature of energy crises in Pakistan and the predominant nature of the fossil-based generation of electricity, it is necessary to assess the potential environmental (e.g., CO2 emissions) impact of ongoing initiates and policies regarding energy supply in Pakistan. A modeling-based analysis, where underlying assumptions and mechanisms in the Pak-INDC are explicitly accounted for, allows us to verify the role of current mechanisms and policies in reducing the emissions in the frame of the PA. The general question, what will be the impact of these programs on the pursuit of reducing environmental emissions, is thoroughly addressed in this book.