دانلود کتاب نظریه دوگانگی ها و قطبیت های مسئله-راه حل

This monograph is epistemically special in its orientation as it is concerned with the relational structures of information, knowledge, decision-choice processes of problems and solutions in theory and practices relative to investment and capital accumulation processes by the way of the logic of the economic theory of production specified in the spaces of input-output and production-consumption dualities. It is about explanatory and prescriptive conditions of diversity and unity principles of knowing and information-knowledge systems under the variety input-output processes of horizontal and vertical supply-demand chain dynamics. Themonograph is a continuation in the sequence of epistemic works on the theories of info-statics, info-dynamics, entropy and their relational connectivity to information, language, knowing, knowledge, cognitive practices relative to variety identification problemsolution dualities and variety transformation problem-solution dualities in all areas of knowing. It is about economic-theoretic approach in understanding the diversity and the unity of knowing and science through decision-choice actions over the space of problem-solution dualities and polarities in relation to elements in the space of incentive-disincentive dualities embedded in the space of real cost-benefit dualities. In this approach, all human endeavors are viewed as variety transformations where all neuro-decision-choice actions are viewed in terms of neuro-decision-choice balances of opposites in socioeconomic variety transformations such that the opposites are mutually constraining with a change in relation, property or both. The problem-solution dualities are argued to connect all areas of knowing including science and non-science, social science and non-social science into unity with diversities under neuro-decision-choice actions,where individual and collective creativities play important determining roles to set variety solutions against variety problem over the space of problem-solution dualities. The concept of diversity is defined and explicated to connect with the tactics and strategies of neuro-decisionchoice actions over the space of problem-solution dualities. The concepts of problems and solutions are defined and explicated in the space of relativity rather than in the space of absoluteness. All neuro-decision-choice activities are viewed in terms of the logic of the economic theory of production over the space of real cost-benefit dualities with identities of real costs and real benefits broadly defined in terms of characteristic-signal dispositions. In this epistemic process, the variety identitiesmay be distorted through the decoding of variety signal dispositions to create false interpretations of the characteristic dispositions that may deviate from the true variety characteristic dispositions leading to misidentifications of varieties. There are two important structures to pay attention to in the processes of knowing. One is a movement from the ontological space to the epistemic in identifying ontological varieties. The other is intra-epistemological movements, where propaganda, misinformation and disinformation may occur in the space of source-destination dualities with an intent to influence the inputs and the directions of neuro-decisionchoice for a source advantage. In terms of intellectual production, the variety misidentification may put us on a possible wrong path of knowing and informationknowledge production to create increasing real costs over the real benefit of knowing in the space of mistake-correction dualities. In terms of general transformation dynamics, themisinterpretations may lead to a path of neuro-decision-choice actions to create increasing costs over real benefit in the space of success-failure dualities viewed in terms of elements in the space of progress-retrogress dualities within the space of individual-collective dualities in the same society or within the space of domestic-international dualities. All analytical and non-analytical concepts are specified and defined in the space of relativity to provide an infinite framework and space of variety comparisons, differences, commonness, similarities and ranking under a preference ordering in establishing sequences of visions, goals, objectives for selections and missions under the socioeconomic principles of non-satiation. All definitions follow the conceptual framework of the theory of definitions in establishing the relevant characteristicsignal dispositions required for linguistic meanings and identities within the same language. The concepts of diversity, the unity of knowing and the unity of science are structured around the nature of variety problem-solution dualities over the space of static-dynamic dualities.