دانلود کتاب سیستم پاریس برای گزارش سیتولوژی ادرار

Almost a decade ago, members of two panels started preparing for the International Congress of Cytology that took place in Paris in 2013. We all had the feeling that maybe ours would be the last symposia on urine cytology. At that time, the rate of atypia was raging and credibility with our clinical colleagues was dwindling. Urine cytology was on the brink of losing clinical relevance, joining the fate of prostate FNA and breast FNA, at least in the United States. Moreover, for many years, urine cytology was one of the most frustrating types of cytology specimens, hated by most cytology practitioners. Whatever we were doing, there was a very high probability that we were doing it wrong, at least in the eyes of our clinical colleagues. They would have seen papillary lesions during cystoscopy, but cytology reports were negative. On the other hand, they could not see any cystoscopic lesions and cytology reports were positive. Of course, we knew why this happened. Low-grade carcinomas do not exhibit enough morphologic changes to be distinguished from normal and reactive urothelium, while flat, high-grade lesions (CIS, carcinoma in situ), although cytologically detectable, are very difficult to visualize on cystoscopy. Definitely, it was time for action to save urines!