دانلود کتاب جنگ روسیه علیه اوکراین -پیامدهای آن برای نظم هسته‌ای جهانی

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, on February 24, 2022, marked a deeply disturbing challenge to the current global nuclear order. Since that day, the number of articles and research projects on nuclear strategy and politics has markedly increased worldwide, complementing a likewise increasing number of monographs and edited volumes that had begun to appear on related topics during the preceding months.
The aim of this book is to contribute to an ongoing discussion on the scope and impact of Russia’s war on Ukraine in the current global nuclear order. While this UN-led order was essentially designed to mitigate nuclear dangers, inhibit arms races, prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional states, and create condi-tions for their elimination, Russia’s war on Ukraine increases the nuclear threat and as a result deepened the idea that states should rely on nuclear weapons as essential to their national security.
The attack of the largest nuclear weapon state in the world (Russia) against a non-nuclear weapon state (Ukraine), which committed to forgoing the nuclear weapons that it inherited from the Soviet era in exchange for security assurances, under the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, presents itself as a major wound on the global nuclear order and to its Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) regime.
The present edited volume is the result of an Experts Workshop entitled “Russia’s War on Ukraine: the Implications for Arms Control and Nonproliferation” that took place between July 18 and 19, 2022, at the Old University Building, in Valetta, Malta.
This event was organized under extraordinary circumstances, due to Kremlin’s unprovoked and unjustified military aggression in Ukraine, by the Odesa Center for Nonproliferation from Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, which was obliged to work remotely and undertake its events outside of Ukraine. The workshop was kindly hosted by the Department of International Relations from the University of Malta with the precious support of the Ploughshares Fund and Swedish Radiation Safety Authority.
The workshop, which was overseen by Polina Sinovets and Iryna Maksymenko, had the initial objective of exploring the influence of Russia’s war on Ukraine on arms control and nonproliferation regimes, in particular: (1) the rise of states that are challenging the NPT regime by seeking to develop nuclear weapons; (2) the increase of states trying to resolve their territorial claims, using the nuclear coercion and the umbrella function of their nuclear arsenals; (3) the further split between the sup-porters of the NPT and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), which is deepening the polarization between non-nuclear weapons states (NNWS) and nuclear weapons states (NWS); (4) and the issues regarding the loopholes in the existing arms control system and the arms trade, which became obvious in the course of the war.
In mid-July 2022, the 2-day international workshop in Malta was attended by 24 experts from 9 different countries (Ukraine, Malta, the United States, France, Poland, Germany, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and Portugal) representing various prestigious institutions (including think tanks and universities) around Europe and North America. Later, the editors of this present volume, Adérito Vicente, Polina Sinovets, and Julien Théron, decided that the aim of this book and the scope of its research should be expanded and explore how Russia’s War on Ukraine changed the global nuclear order, by including and adding to the former research topics, the study of new challenges and threats that includes: (1) the deterioration of nuclear norms; (2) the new debate about the competing narratives on nuclear deterrence and disarmament; (3) the development of new missiles and disruptive technologies such as hypersonic missiles, drones, and artificial intelligence; (4) and the increasing threat of the use of nuclear weapons.
In the aftermath of Maltas’ expert workshop, upon an invitation by Springer Nature, the editors decided to publish in a form of an edited volume and present as many of the workshop’s key findings and assessments as possible.
Most of the chapter authors in the present volume attended the 2022 Malta workshop and took its intense discussions into account when finalizing their contri-butions to the present volume. Other chapter authors to this book were invited later in the process with an aim of covering as broad a spectrum of relevant research topics as possible under the circumstances, with authors writing from different regional, professional, and institutional angles.
Looking back on the 12-month process of our research agenda, some things have changed in Russia’s war on Ukraine along with its impact on the global nuclear order, even within that short time frame. In the wake of this event, nuclear weapons regained a forefront role in the communication between competing great powers, namely the United States (US) and its allies against the revisionist powers of Russia and China. Furthermore, Moscow’s nuclear blackmail coerced the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states from giving direct military support to Ukraine and refreshed the functions attributed to nuclear weapons, in particular, the nuclear coercion and the threat of nuclear use posing new challenges to the global nuclear order. In addition, the paradox of this conflict is that unlike the US and NATO, which are “somewhat deterred by Russian strategic nuclear weapons from interfering directly in the war, Kyiv does not seem to be deterred by Moscow’s nuclear rhetoric” (Sinovets & Vicente, 2022, p. 3).
The question is, however: How has Russia’s War on Ukraine changed the global nuclear order? For this purpose, we suggest framing the following four tasks as the basic definition of the book: (1) to explore and understand the main reasons for studying this significant and contemporary topic, (2) to illustrate which are the fundamental nuclear implications brought by Russia’s War on Ukraine, (3) to define global nuclear order and explain its current form, and, ultimately, (4) to provide answers, perspectives, and additional guiding questions for how has Russia’s War on Ukraine changed the global nuclear order.