دانلود کتاب تجسم مجدد آینده آموزشی در کشورهای در حال توسعه – درس هایی از بحران های بهداشت جهانی

Although all universities across the world are facing similar challenges due to the global pandemic, universities from emerging countries have inherent challenges that present an additional complexity to the way they can manage the impact of COVID-19 (Marinoni et al., 2020; Mogaji & Jain, 2020). There are challenges around the existing infrastructure; for instance, universities are underfunded by the government and have limited teaching resources. Admissions at public universities are growing more quickly than the government’s capacity to finance these institutions (Iruonagbe et al., 2015; Olaleye et al., 2020). Beyond the university itself, there are challenges with internet penetration and power supply. As many people must use the internet for online teaching and learning, poor internet connections pose a problem. Internet penetration in Nigeria stood at 42% in January 2020, and the average speed of mobile internet connections was 15.32 Mbps compared to the United Kingdom with 35.57 Mbps and Australia with 67.66 Mbps; in addition, 96% of mobile connections in Nigeria are prepaid (DataReportal, 2021). Countries in emerging economies also have an average speed of 10 Mbps (Hannata, 2019). The financial implications of using the internet are also an issue, as many people may have to buy more data to engage with teaching and learning.