دانلود کتاب انجام تحقیقات و نوآوری مسئولانه در عمل

After a period in which Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) stood as a cross-cutting issue under the Eigth European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (R & I), Horizon 2020, its further development and imple­mentation has reached a crossroad. It turned out that there is a lack of consistent integration of RRI in Europe’s R & I practices (Novitzky et al. 2020), and dedicated funding for RRI is almost entirely absent in the Ninth European Union Framework Programme for R & I, Horizon Europe. At the same time, global challenges like climate change become increasingly more urgent and thus continue to call for col­lective efforts of scientific research and industry, policy makers and civil society. Further, the emergence of disruptive technologies like synthetic biology, artificial intelligence and robotics raises several new societal concerns. Finally, the growing disbelief in science, as shown during the Corona pandemic, demonstrates the impor­tance of aligning R & I policy and societal values all the more. For reasons as these, the disinvestment in a dedicated Science With and For Society programme line for RRI in Horizon Europe did not result in decreased academic attention for embed­ding science in society. On the contrary, a dedicated research community emerged that engages in the academic discourse of RRI and tries to contribute to projects on topics such as responsible data governance, responsible AI, and responsible agro­ecology within the Horizon Europe framework programme, sometimes even with­out the use of the frame RRI.

If RRI is to have a future in the European Commission’s Open Science Agenda and Horizon Europe Programme, it is important to focus on the implementation, institutionalization and management of responsibility in R & I practices. One of the weaknesses of the current academic discourse of RRI is its focus on conceptual and theoretical analysis. A variety of theories and approaches emerged under the head­ing of RRI, ranging from Value Sensitive Design to the six keys of RRI, all having their own ideals and barriers to reaching those ideals (Timmermans and Blok 2018). This makes the implementation and management of RRI an enormous challenge, leaving a discrepancy between the promoted ambitions of RRI and their realization in practice (Novitzky et al. 2020). This is also the case at the broader policy level, where RRI faces structural tensions with other policy goals, such as scientific excel­lence and economic value (Rodríguez 2019). Another weakness is that to this day the academic discourse of RRI is primary focused on the RRI research community itself, rather than on, for instance, the engineers and scientists who are actually working in the area of disruptive technologies . A final weakness is that the RRI research community mainly focusses on public research practices, while a signifi­cant amount of innovation practices take place in the private sector facing its own challenges and opportunities (Blok and Lemmens 2015). As long as the private sec­tor context of R & I is not taken into account, the implementation and management of RRI will be difficult to align with the three goals for European R & I policy – Open science, open innovation, open to the world – to increase responsiveness of science to society (DGRI 2016). The aim of this volume is to build on the great work that is already done by the RRI research community, and to engage professionals, practitioners and policy-makers working outside the RRI research community to implement, institutionalize and manage responsibility in their R & I practices. We were able to engage this wider audience, including people working in science and industry, because the authors of this volume were involved in a large European Coordination and Support Action project that aimed to engage the European R & I community in the promo­tion and acceptance of RRI in all programme lines of Horizon 2020; Excellence in Science and Innovation for Europe by adopting the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (NewHoRRIzon). After a diagnosis of the uptake of RRI in the vari­ous programme line of Horizon 2020 (Novitzky et al. 2020), the project worked out the conceptual and operational basis to fully integrate RRI into European and national (R & I) practice and funding. In order to accomplish this goal, the project established 18 Social Labs as inclusive methodology to implement and study RRI in all programme lines of H2020 (Timmermans et al. 2020).