دانلود کتاب مبانی برنامه نویسی و رابط کاربری گرافیکی – TCL-TK برای اتوماسیون طراحی الکترونیکی

Language is a structured system of communication used by humans. When a human wishes to communicate with a computer system, a programming language is required. A programming language is able to convert a set of instructions, known as the source code, to perform a specific task. There are a number of common programming languages, such as C, C++, and JAVA. Each programming language requires a specific compiler, which is able to translate the source code into machine code. There are also other mechanisms to produce machine code that are interpreterbased, and these use step‐by‐step executors of the source code. A language can be implemented with either a compiler or interpreter. A combination of both platforms is possible too where the compiler generates the machine code and then passes it to the interpreter for execution [1]. Tcl stands for Tool Command Language. It is an interpreter‐based scripting language, designed to be easy to embed into the application. A scripting language is a programming language that automates the execution of tasks. Scripts are written for the run time execution and are interpreted rather than compiled. Some popular scripting languages are Python, Ruby, Bash, Node Js, and Perl. Scripting languages are required in web applications, system administration, gaming, and plugin development for an existing system. Scripting languages are preferred owing to the (i) ease of learning, (ii) fast editing, (iii) interactivity, and (iv) functionality. The shell script is a set of instructions in the specific programming language to be run by the UNIX shell, a command‐line interpreter. Tcl (pronounced as tickle) is high‐level, interpreted, dynamic programming. Tcl is very similar to the UNIX shell languages, namely Bounce, C, Korn, and Perl, and therefore offers a wide range of programmability [2]. Tcl supports a wide range of programming paradigms, like object‐oriented programming, and the imperative and functional procedural styles offer the ability for applications to communicate with each other. It is possible to associate Tcl with the toolkit (Tk) used for building a graphical user interface (GUI). Tk is a crossplatform, which offers a wide range of widget libraries that can also be associated with other programming languages.