دانلود کتاب کنترل سیستم پاور تحت خرابی های آبشاری

Cascading failures can happen in many different systems, such as in electric power systems, the Internet, the road system, and in social and economic systems. These low‐probability high‐impact events can produce significant economic and social losses. In electric power grids, cascading blackouts are complicated sequences of dependent outages that could bring about tremendous economic and social losses. Large-scale cascading blackouts have substantial risk and pose great challenges in simulation, analysis, and mitigation. It is important to study the mechanisms of cascading failures so that the risk of large‐scale blackouts may be better quantified and mitigated. Cascading blackouts are usually considered rare events, but they are not that uncommon. The frequency of these highimpact events is not as low as expected. The following is a subset of the very famous large‐scale blackouts around the world.