دانلود کتاب برنامه ریزی سیستم های هیبریدی انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، خودروهای الکتریکی و ریزشبکه

Nowadays, the electrical energy demand is growingworldwide very fast, and accordingly, the energy crises directly impact economics, society, and the development of any country. Modern energy systems are changing rapidly and reveal progressively many-sided features. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and other renewable sources are capable enough to meet the growing load demand, which reduces the dependency on conventional fossil fuels. Alternatively, fossil fuel-based energy generation is the direct source of critical global warming issues. Therefore, promoting the use of renewable energy sources, for meeting electrical energy demand, is an important strategy to enhance the energy security of any country. In this connection, wind and solar-based electrical power generation has gained the attention of researchers all over the world. This enables high penetration of renewable sources with the main electrical grid. Power generation from these renewable energy resources is intermittent because of its dependence on environmental conditions. As a result, the power generation from solar and wind systems keeps on fluctuating and directly impacts the voltage magnitude, supply frequency, and waveform, and hence on the quality and quantity of supplying power to the interconnected grid system. The electrical energy system is currently experiencing substantial transformations due to the increasing utilization of renewable energy systems and integrating electric vehicles in the current transportation system. Environmental compliance and energy saving are becoming increasingly crucial in the future. Today’s need is to increase grid reliability and sustainability while considering customer services and grid operation. The changes are especially significant in the power distribution system, which must be changed into a smart grid or automated distribution system to effectively manage the system operation. The smart grid, also known as the nextgeneration/ future grid, is a broadly spread automated energy delivery network that employs two-way electrical and information exchanges. The smart grid implementation will satisfy environmental standards to emphasize demand response events and efficient energy management. The smart grid supports plug-in electric vehicles, renewable distributed generation, and energy storage technologies, and these technologies have a significant impact on the system/grid. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) provides opportunities and significantly impacts the microgrid/smart grid. EVs can be used as flexible loads in bi-directional mode either as grid-to-vehicle (G2V) for EV charging or vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to provide energy to the grid. The future plug-in-EVs infrastructuremay be used to access the electricity from the smart grid to maximize the benefits of V2G mode.