دانلود کتاب روشهای تصفیه پیشرفته و پایدار فاضلاب صنعت نفت

Oil and gas industries are evolving to meet the ever-growing energy demand that will lead to more crude oil extraction in the foreseeable future. Over 50,000 oil and gas fields are established across the globe which can damage the surrounding and extended environments. Generally, oil and gas extraction operations are carried out using extraction platforms where the extracted oil is accompanied by water that is called produced water (PW). PW consists of different chemicals such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and heavy metals. These pollutants can have a detrimental effect on the environment; nonetheless, the industry continues to generate billions of gallons of wastewater annually.