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The importance of good cardiovascular health in adulthood is obvious but cannot be overemphasized, especially for children with health problems such as obesity and elevated blood pressure. This new edition of Pediatric Hypertension emphasizes data that have appeared over the last several years that are relevant to children with elevated blood pressure, as well as to children with obesity and other health challenges. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in large cohorts have led to notable advances in the field of pediatric hypertension. While there is still much work remaining, important knowledge gaps have been narrowed by new studies. Advances include improved understanding of which blood pressure thresholds lead to intermediate outcomes in children such as left ventricular hypertrophy, changes in carotid intima media thickness, and other markers as well as long-term cardiovascular outcomes in adults; enhanced assessment and interpretation of noninvasive measures of cardiovascular disease risk and early vascular aging; recognition of nontraditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth such as the role of early life stress; and the evolving description of the neurocognitive sequelae of hypertension. Further, the results of work over the last several years have demonstrated the importance of emergency preparedness and adaptability in the face of natural disasters and pandemics. These substantial advancements, some of which challenge prevailing thought and have already prompted changes in professional society and expert clinical recommendations, are summarized in this Fifth Edition. As with the Fourth Edition, this current text is part of the Springer Major Reference Work program, which is available both in print and online, a format that allows for real-time updating. In addition to new chapters that address the topics noted above, this Edition provides updates to previously published chapters, including those exploring the epidemiology of hypertension; the genetic, perinatal, and lifestyle contributions to pediatric blood pressure and hypertension; secondary causes of hypertension and comorbidities; and the practical and pragmatic approaches to auscultatory, home, and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. We are proud of the breadth of topics covered in this Edition of Pediatric Hypertension. It truly does take a village, and we are most grateful to our expert contributors, who shared their expertise and time to make this Edition as compelling and current as we believe it to be. We hope that this text will not only inform and educate existing clinicians and experts immersed in the field, but that it will also inspire students and trainees to choose a career that focuses on cardiovascular health promotion across the lifespan.