دانلود کتاب فیزیک هسته ای و ذرات با کیهان شناسی، جلد 1

Nuclear physics began its journey with Rutherford’s experiment that revealed the presence of a tiny dense nucleus at the centre of atoms. In nuclear physics we study properties and interactions of the nucleus, while in atomic physics we study the properties and interactions of the atom. Nuclear physics is the study of various aspects of nuclei—their formation, structure, stability and decay, as well as interaction among the constituents. Important advancements in medicine, materials, energy, security, climatology etc are because of research and development in nuclear science. In fact, nuclear physics has impacted our lives, especially in the field of safety, health and security. Nuclear physics is essential for understanding the basics of radioactivity as well as nuclear reactions; gaining knowledge about industrial and agricultural isotopes, radio carbon dating, ion implantation in materials etc. Nuclear physics finds application in many fields. Nuclear power generation is a major area. Safe and reliable use of reactors with advanced error-free design is a necessity. Nuclear imaging technology is used in healthcare to diagnose and treat different types of cancers, cardiovascular disease, some neurological disorders in their early stages. Nuclear medicine procedures are used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, treat hyperthyroidism, assess coronary artery disease, localize tumors etc. Nuclear medicine can provide vital information about the function of major organs within the body. Advances in nuclear medicine are closely connected with advances in nuclear techniques. Further progress in the field of healthcare depends on: basic research in nuclear science; more use of accelerators, detectors; understanding interaction of radiation with matter and improvement in data analysis techniques. Nuclear physics facilities will broaden the range of isotopes for medical applications, i.e. bring more isotopes into routine use for human benefit.