دانلود کتاب روش های جراحی کم تهاجمی برای درد

In the last decade, a significant paradigm shift has occurred in the way complex spinal dis-orders are treated. Historically, after patients failed conservative treatments— largely con-sisting of therapy, medications, and injections— they would be left with only highly invasive open surgical options. Now, with the development of minimally invasive surgical tech-niques, patients often have significantly more effective and safer treatment options avail-able. Many of the minimally invasive approaches can be done percutaneously and under image guidance, instead of with open approaches under direct visualization. For those of us trained as interventional pain physicians, many of the minimally invasive surgical techniques have become an integral part of our treatment algorithms. However, although these approaches are less invasive and safer, they are not without risk and complications. Furthermore, significant gaps exist in training programs for interventionalists with regard to minimally invasive surgical approaches. To continue to improve innovation in the field of minimally invasive spine surgery, improved educational resources are vitally important, not only for interventionalists but also for physicians from traditional surgical backgrounds, such as neurosurgery and orthopedics. This text aims to convey an understanding of the basic concepts of spinal surgical approaches combined with an in- depth approach to the various techniques, with the overall goals of enhancing physician knowledge and leading to improved patient outcomes and safety.