دانلود کتاب مدیریت خدمات اکوسیستم گردشگری در یک زمینه پس از همه گیری

Tourism and ecosystem services (ES) are two sides of the same coin, as the former depends on the latter. An enormous part of tourism activities globally are produced and consumed using natural and cultural ecosystem services. As a result, destinations imperatively need the support of ES in order to run their tourism businesses. On another note, it is well documented that tourism is the driving force behind many changes in society; tourism provides several benefits but at the same time, the industry makes extensive use (if not over­use) of the natural ecosystem. This is reflected in mass tourism and develop­ment-driven land-use conversion, which have had irreparable damage to the physical environment and community livelihoods. Likewise, tourism, as co-created experience with locals, inevitably involves the consumption of cul­tural resources (traditional food, local products and services, indigenous experiences, among others). Expressed in these terms, tourism’s dependence on both natural and cultural ES is obvious. Hence, there is a need to under­stand how ES are converted into tourism resources and how they are man­aged to achieve socio-economic sustainability.