Current concepts in meteorological theory and limitations are as follows. The non-equilibrium system of atmospheric flows is modelled with assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium up to the stratopause at 50 km; molecular motion of atmospheric component gases is implicitly embodied in the gas constant. Non-equilibrium systems can be studied numerically, but despite decades of research, it is still very difficult to define the analytical functions from which to compute their statistics and have an intuition for how these systems behave. Realistic mathematical modelling for simulation and prediction of atmospheric flows requires alternative theoretical concepts and analytical or error-free numerical computational techniques and therefore comes under the field of “General Systems Research” as explained in the following.
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