دانلود کتاب نانومواد بر پایه کربن برای تبدیل و ذخیره انرژی

The increasing demand of energy and scarcity of fossil fuel are major concerns today and have attracted much attention on utilizing renewable energy sources for better storage and conversion of energy. To meet the increasing demand of energy, most researches have focused on developing high-performance energy conversion and storage. The extensive studies have been carried out on catalysts used in different types of electrochemical reaction. The optimal design of catalysts is considered as one of the main routes to achieve high performance of the electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In this regard, carbon-based nanomaterials have been drawn considerable attention due to their special properties of high surface areas which providing large number of active sites for electrochemical reaction and ion/electron diffusion. Among various materials, carbon-based materials can be used as effective catalytic materials for different electrochemical reactions, from metal-free carbon-based nanomaterials to metal-heteroatom-carbon-based nanomaterials, as well as metal nanoparticles supported or encapsulated to carbon-based materials with their unique properties, tailored sizes and morphologies and. With the flourishing devel-opment of diverse carbon-based nanomaterials, further insights into the design and mechanisms of ideal electrocatalysts have been gained.