دانلود کتاب دگردیسی سرطان از طریق سیستم عروق لنفاوی

Advances in molecular biology over the past several decades have firmly established the observations that cancer is a heterogeneous disease arising from genomic alterations or mutations. Thus, within a cancer cell population, cellular subclones may develop resulting in heterogeneity within a tumor and between different metastatic deposits. The cancer microenvironment, including immune responses, exerts a selective force akin to Darwinian “natural selection,” which promotes the development of clones that invade and metastasize from the primary site to the distant sites, according to the principles of Paget’s seed and soil hypothesis for cancer spread. One critical question is whether the initial pathway for cancer metastasis is through tumor-associated lymphatic vessels to the sentinel lymph nodes or through tumor-associated blood vessels, or via both pathways. This important background drove the style and format of this textbook on cancer metastasis.