دانلود کتاب اتحادیه های کارگری بریتانیا، حزب کارگر و هیستادروت اسرائیل

This is the story of the relationship between two international trade union centres, the British Trade Union Congress (TUC) and the Israeli Histadrut, who first made contact with each other in the 1920s. But the narrative also reflects the attitudes of the British labour movement towards the persecution of the Jews, Jewish refugees, antisemitism, Zionism, the right of the Jews to establish their own homeland in Palestine, the State of Israel and the Israel-Palestine conflict. From the 1960s onwards the Israel-Palestine conflict has become an increasingly contentious and divisive issue for the trade unions, and their attitude has changed over the years to become what we see today, strong criticism of Israel and support for the issue of Palestine. Palestine, which is defined as the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the River Jordan, was the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity. Before the First World War Palestine was part of the Turkish Empire and Britain was granted a mandate for Palestine by the League of Nations at the San Remo Conference in 1920. Jews have lived in Palestine since biblical times and during the British mandate they called themselves Palestinian Jews. For the avoidance of confusion the terms using the word ‘Palestine’ such as the Palestine labour movement or the Palestine Labour Party refer to Jewish organisations which were in existence during the period of the British mandate for Palestine. Both the TUC and the Histadrut are key members of their respective national labour movements, but this is where the similarity ends. The Histadrut was established in 1920 by the Palestine labour movement with the dual role of looking after the interests of the Jewish workers of Palestine and a political role with overall responsibility for the advancement of political Zionism, the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, with the building of the country to take precedence over all other issues. As a result the Histadrut was never a traditional trade union body in the European sense as it was also an employer providing jobs, homes, education, healthcare, pensions and welfare for its members. During the mandate period the Histadrut was the ‘government in waiting’ responsible for running the Jewish community, the Yishuv, in Palestine. By the 1970s it was the second largest employer in Israel after the government. It was only in 1990s by, which time it had been divested of its remaining industrial and commercial interests, that the Histadrut was able to concentrate solely on core trade union matters.