دانلود کتاب یک مقدمه کوتاه بر تحقیقات باستان شناسی

Plants are confronted by abiotic stressors such as low water accessibility (drought), excess water (flooding/waterlogging), extremes of temperatures (cold, chilling, frost, and heat), salinity, mineral deficiency, and heavy metal toxicity. The antagonistic consequences of abiotic stresses create alterations in plant’s growth and development, in severe cases leading to plant death.

With a rising human population, there is a growing demand for food and other supplies, but the yield of these crops is threatened with ever-mounting global warming, heat stress, drought, salinity, and other abiotic stresses, thereby endangering food security. Efforts to resolve these problems using classical breeding approaches have so far been ineffective. This is mostly because of a lack of intensive, reliable screening measures and the fact that yield factors are regulated by complicated networks of genes. Although genomic methodologies necessitate the use of germplasm that display a divergent performance for an attribute of significance, phenotypic and genotypic approaches often rely on plant lines with variation in resilience towards abiotic stresses. Thus, understanding the effects of stressors becomes essential for crop improvement programs that have relied mainly on the genetic variations existing in the genome through conventional breeding. Further, recent breakthroughs in biotechnological research using OMICS in understanding the functions of genes and availability to entire genome sequences have opened new opportunities and possibilities for sustainable crop improvement.