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We wrote this book in an effort to relink areas of study that arose at the same time and are of the same ancestry—the pioneering human performance research of Cherry, Fitts, Broadbent, and Mackworth—but that soon grew aloof from one another. One area was the basic study of attention, in which we saw sophisticated and exciting theories of how the senses gather and the brain processes multiple streams of infor­mation but reflected little concern for search, display processing mental workload, and multitasking in the complex world beyond the laboratory. Another area was the study of human behavior outside the laboratory, in which we found studies of com­plex displays, inattentive drivers, and overloaded pilots but too little consideration of the elegant theoretical work that might provide a basis for predicting the successes and failures of our real-world attentional endeavors. With this book, we have tried to reunite these two areas, identifying correspondences and complements, and we hope to stimulate other researchers to do the same.