دانلود کتاب مدل های حیوانی برای توسعه ایمونوتراپی سرطان

The ability of our immune system, to specifically recognize and kill cancer through Immune‐surveillance, is a phenomenon known to mankind for over a century. It was in 1890s when Dr. William Coley, now known as father of cancer immunotherapy, could achieve long‐term remissions from disease in several sarcoma patients treated using live and killed strains of bacteria (Coley 1891, 1893). At that time, there was only a basic understanding of the immune system and none of the immune cells had been discovered. Based on Dr. Coley’s findings, Dr. Paul Ehrlich postulated that “Cancer would be quite common in long‐lived organisms if not for the protective effects of immunity” (Ehrlich 1909). However, it was only recently that the concept of Immune surveillance of tumors was established in preclinical models, with evidence that mice lacking the adaptive immune system are more susceptible to developing tumors. Tumors in these mice grow more rapidly compared to wild‐type mice, and do not respond to therapies that reinvigorate the host immune responses (Shankaran et al. 2001; Matsushita et al. 2012). Similar findings have been reported in humans, suggesting increased susceptibility to cancer in recipients of organ transplants who undergo systemic immune‐suppression or otherwise immune‐suppressed individuals (Engels et al. 2011).