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At the age of 15, Roy was diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes. The year was 1965 when the mortality rate for patients under the age of 30 was 10% and over 40% for patients older than age 60 [1]. The global prevalence of diabetes in 1965 was esti-mated to be 30 million (1% of the global population). Today over 579 million peo-ple worldwide are living with diabetes representing 7% of the global population.
Roy was advised by his physician to “enjoy your next 5 years of life, because you will not live beyond the age of 20.” Roy, for the most part, remained adherent to his insulin regimen, taking his pork or beef insulin 70 units in the AM using reusable glass syringes and needles which were boiled and sanitized every morning prior to use. The needles were reused until the injections in his legs became unbearably painful that he was forced to replace them. Roy was able to participate in sporting events, hang out with friends and enjoy life with the full expectation that he would be dead by the age of 20. Thankfully, Roy continues to thrive today at the tender age of 75. In 1997, he was placed on his first insulin pump. He continued to do multiple finger sticks each day and learned to adjust the dose of his prandial insulin based on his predicted food intake, activity level, and pre-prandial glucose levels.
In 2006 while driving on an LA freeway, Roy (age 56) collided with five differ-ent cars before coming to rest on the shoulder of the road. A CHP officer noted that Roy appeared dazed, confused, and disoriented while sitting alone in the front seat of his car. “Sir, are you OK? Do you know what just happened?” Roy responded, “No sir, why are you asking me these questions?” An ambulance arrived on scene and transported Roy to the local emergency room where his blood glucose level was 39 mg/dL. Roy’s driving privileges were immediately suspended and he was told that he would have to go to court where a judge would determine if his driving privi-leges would be terminated.