Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, including the 15 elements from lanthan (La,57) to lutetium (Lu, 71), scandium (Sc,21) and yttrium (Y,39). This grouping was agreed by IUPAC [1]. The elements scandium and yttrium differ in their atomic structure from the lanthanides but their chemical and physical properties are very similar.
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