دانلود کتاب نقشه برداری مشارکتی قلمرو در سراسر سواحل فلوریدا

The Florida beaches of the mid-1700s were very much the habitat of native populations. This early influence is still revealed in the place’s names along the coast, such as Okeechobee, Pahokee, and Loxahatchee (Kleinberg 2021). The beach as a place of recreation and amenity is a reasonably recent phenomenon in history. French historian Alain Corbin (1994) describes the early European view of the beach as an unknowable place and feared by most. It wasn’t until approximately the mid-eighteenth century that European elites began to see the beach as a place of leisure, recreation, and even health maintenance (e.g., fresh air and sea bathing). This chapter will take readers through the beach as a place of leisure and residence as it grew in societal form and function. Those who reside within the coastal zone benefit from geographically specific amenities such as aesthetic views, moderated weather (e.g., temperature-moderating breezes), and increased access to recreational opportunities. These benefits are referred to as ecosystem services defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and include tangible and intangible amenities. Whether for the aesthetic view, the moderated weather patterns, or other amenities, those who can afford to live on or near the coast increasingly choose to do so. With less than 25% of the land area, coastal communities are home to more than 52% of the US population (US Commission on Ocean Policy 2004), and these numbers are increasing. Increased competition for oceanfront real estate has led to territorial tensions and has resulted in high-dollar litigation. These cases, which span across private-on- private, public-on-private, and private-on-public, reflect an underlying tension at the shoreline for access and proximity to coastal amenities.