دانلود کتاب زنجیره تامین دایره ای – اصول و تکنیک های اساسی

The global economy was 9.1% and 8.6% circular in 2019 and 2020, respectively, highlighting a massive and expanding circularity gap. The worsening circularity gap demonstrates the persistence of the linear economy’s take-make-dispose production and consumption tradition, which promotes high rates of resources extractions, unending material wastages and low levels of end-of-use processing and cycling. As the world continues to consume 100 billion tonnes (Gt) of materials annually, the future outlook is grim because the global economy is breaching several milestones. The manufacturing sector is one of the notorious villains in the widening circularity gap. As a resource-intensive space, the manufacturing sector has the largest ecologi­cal footprint. The processes and products of the manufacturing techniques deplete a significant amount of virgin materials, consume excessive energy, emit prohibitive quantities of greenhouse gases and generate significant quantities of solid landfill wastes. The manufacturing sector’s wasteful nature and circularity gap are even more pronounced in emerging economies like China, with tremendous manufactur­ing activities where manufacturing wastes account for a huge percentage of landfill wastes. Typically, business-as-usual in the manufacturing industry encompasses the linear economy model of materials production and consumption. Therefore, the main reason for the manufacturing sector’s massive circularity gaps is the dominance of manufacturing techniques that operates based on the take-make-waste tradition of the linear economy. ­