دانلود کتاب مهندسی شناسایی فرکانس‌های رادیویی – نحوه مهندسی RFID Reader

Passive wireless systems are in high demand today because they allow for the implementation of inexpensive, low-complexity, and high-performance solutions for ubiquitous remote sensing and communication perfectly adapted to the environment. Such systems are made possible by exploiting two capabilities of electromagnetic waves, namely wireless communication as first demonstrated by Guglielmo Marconi, and wireless power transfer as first proposed by Nikola Tesla. The exploitation of these capabilities during the first decades of the twentieth century gave rise to many applications, the most popular ones being the broadcasting of radio and television shows. Also, World War II worked as a catalyst for several military applications, the most emblematic of which being radar and IFF (identify friend or foe), which are based on communication by means of reflected waves. During the same period, some pioneering works were dedicated to coupling information and power in the same signal, opening the door to passive wireless systems. An early application of this concept consisted of an ingenious device developed by Leon Theremin, which was used as a spying microphone, and became known as “the thing.” “The thing” is certainly the ancestor of modern RFID tags. The effective combination of wireless power and information, and adoption of the passive wireless concept, were enabled by the development of electronics and the birth of microelectronics following the invention of transistors around 1947. Among practical applications of this concept, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is probably the most relevant. Today, there is a growing effort in the research community to expand the passive RFID concept beyond identification to include environmental sensing, data logging, and advanced processing capabilities. By turning RFID tags into RFID sensors, augmented RFID provides more than identification and enables advanced concepts such as the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence assisted RFID. In recent decades, RFID users have grown significantly from a relatively small circle of engineers and electronics researchers to industry, commerce, and services. This evolution has been made possible thanks to the development of regulation and standardization rules, which allow for the interoperability of devices and subsystems from different manufacturers. Such standards concern both signal characteristics and communication protocols as well as their informational content. The progress made in UHF CMOS RFID chip technology, in particular the large scale of digital and RF cointegration, has allowed a huge reduction in the cost of RFID tags, making them cost effective for item-level tagging. Indeed, the number of deployed tags went from 4 billion in 2015 to 20 billion in 2020 and continues to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 10%. To meet current demand and allow for effective implementations, the use of standardized and reconfigurable radio solutions is to be preferred. The softwaredefined radio paradigm, introduced by Joseph Mitola in the 1990s and applied in this book, is well suited to this purpose. While there is an abundant literature on UHF RFID tags and their operation, the same cannot be said for the UHF RFID reader or interrogator which is a key element of ubiquitous IoT. The authors of this book have set themselves a two-fold objective: (i) meet literature needs for UHF RFID reader design by providing a compilation of technical resources, and (ii) provide practical implementations of UHF RFID readers using software-defined radio platforms. The authors detail diagrams, propose algorithms, and provide source code to implement ISO 18000-63 functions. The book presents a rich collection of experiments and practical implementations. It also covers other IoT-relevant topics such as wireless low-power wake-up radios and novel backscatter modulation schemes. This book is authored by two well-known scientists with several years of experience and expertise in RFID and SDR technologies. It is an excellent resource for the application of RFID and SDR solutions.