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The heavy radioactive elements are divided into four series, and the series is usually called the parent element. Three of these chains start with heavy, naturally occurring radioactive elements: thorium, uranium, and actinium. The fourth series begins with neptunium, which is an artificial element. The reason for having only four groups is that as a result of alpha decay, there is a decrease in A by 4, while beta decay does not change the value of A. The radioactive elements found in nature, as is known, have a longer half-life than neptunium. The radioactive decay of these elements is carried out by releasing and radiations, as they produce radioactive elements and are successively stable until reaching the stable element. The series is arranged as follows:
• Thorium series (4n)
• Neptunium series (4n + 1)
• Uranium series (4n + 2)
• Actinium series (4n + 3)