دانلود کتاب آلودگی فلزات سمی – تولید، دفع، درمان و ارزش گذاری

Toxic metals are a class of chemical elements that, in certain concentrations, can cause damage to the health of humans and animals, in addition to impacts on ecosystems. This book is intended for anyone with an interest and/or concern about toxic metals. The main toxic metals found in ecosystems are antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tellurium, thallium, vanadium, and tin. These metals, when present in the human body, can cause damage to health, such as respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, gastrointestinal problems, skin, reproductive system, among others. Thus, the present work will be showing the state of the art regarding technologies for the management of systems contaminated with toxic metals. There are ten chapters covering different topics related to toxic metals, from the contamination of surface and deep water intended for human consumption to the genotoxic effects of nanoparticles of these metals. The stress caused by arsenic in plants and the possibilities of mitigating the problem are also addressed, as well as the reuse of waste containing metals such as mercury and chromium. In the sequence, the main methods for removing toxic metals from liquid effluents are discussed, including membrane separation processes, adsorption and bioadsorption and treatment using ionic liquids. In this context, the main sources of emissions will be presented, including their forms of speciation and their impacts on the health of the environment. In addition, some techniques for disposal and valuation of solid waste containing toxic metals are also discussed. We hope that the book can contribute to science in order to show alternatives for the correct disposal and treatment of this hazardous waste.