دانلود کتاب حاشیه ایمنی حرارتی در راکتورهای هسته‌ای

Nuclear power engineering has undergone remarkable transformations and expansion over the past eight decades. While the CP-1 experiment, carried out at the University of Chicago in December 1942, already integrated principles such as safety margins, defense in depth, and safety culture, their application within the nuclear power sector has evolved significantly. It is evident that our comprehension of these principles has profoundly shaped the progression of nuclear engineering in recent times. Undeniably, the future trajectory of nuclear engineering will be heavily reliant on the efficacious incorporation of safety margins in novel reactor designs. Maintaining thermal safety margins in nuclear reactors is crucial to prevent potential damage to the reactor core structure from excessive heat. Accurately predicting these margins is vital for the safe and cost-effective operation of a nuclear power plant, both during normal operations and anticipated operational occurrences. However, predicting thermal safety margins is a complex task. It typically requires a substantial database to provide a statistical foundation for margin estimates. When the database is limited, other methods such as bounding, engineering judgment, or analytical adjustment must be employed. It goes without saying that these factors contribute to the complexity and difficulty of predicting thermal safety margins. This book has a twofold objective. The first two sections aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of nuclear engineering in general and in nuclear reactor thermal hydraulics in particular. The third section offers insights into topics such as the assessment of thermal performance of fuel elements, the handling of uncertainties, and the analysis and prediction of thermal safety margins. The book is versatile in its usage and does not presume any prior knowledge of the subject from the reader. Portions of the book, especially the first two sections, can serve as foundational material for teaching undergraduate courses at both B.S. and M.S. levels. This content can also be beneficial for most practicing nuclear engineers. Chapters 4 and 8 and parts of the third section are tailored for graduate students, code developers, and researchers. Given the central role that thermal-hydraulic design and analysis of the core of a nuclear reactor play in predicting thermal margins, the book places significant emphasis on both the theoretical and practical foundations for advanced computational methods for reactor core thermal-hydraulics. While the book does not include descriptions of reactor thermal-hydraulics codes, it provides sufficient material to facilitate a basic understanding of code manuals and code development. The topics explored in this book were conceived and developed by various individuals. Numerous exceptional texts have guided me in shaping the content of this book. Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of engaging with many brilliant minds and discussing the subject matter. Much of the material stems from lectures on reactor thermal-hydraulics, nuclear reactor technology, and nuclear reactor dynamics, delivered as part of the nuclear engineering program at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Completing this book would not be possible without the support and inspiration of many people. First and foremost I thank my wife Ewa for her continued support in writing this book. It is challenging to recall all the individuals who have influenced me, and any list of names would likely omit someone. However, I would like to express my gratitude to my teachers, mentors, colleagues, fellow educators and researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students for their profound and inspiring discussions. Special acknowledgments go to C. Adamsson, I.G. Anghel, M. Bergagio, D. Caraghiaur, J. Dufek, J.M. Le Corre, W. Fan, K. Fu, S. Hedberg, G.F. Hewitt, K. Karkoszka, N. Kurul, H. Li, O. Nylund, R. Pegonen, M.Z. Podowski, A. Riber-Marklund, B.R. Sehgal, R. Thiele, and G. Yadigaroglu. Finally, I would like to acknowledge encouragement and support from Danny Kielty at CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.