دانلود کتاب مقیاس فضایی جنایت – چگونه فاصله فیزیکی و اجتماعی موقعیت مکانی جرم را هدایت می کند

It is now well-established that sport matters in the social world (Dunning, 1999; Morgan, 2006). Indeed, George Orwell (1945) described serious sport as ‘war minus the shooting’. For Orwell, international sport was conflictual and packed with hatred, violence, jealousy and disregard for all rules. Whereas this seems to suggest that sport matters for many of the ‘wrong’ reasons, we can currently see the social scientific study of sport has steadily progressed into new avenues and expe­rienced the rise of new academic subdisciplines (Malcolm, 2012). For example, the sociology of sport was recently described as a ‘burgeoning subdiscipline’ of the twenty-first century (Tian and Wise, 2020) and had previously been dubbed the ‘liveliest and most fruitful’ of all sport’s academic subdisciplines (Dunning, 2004: 17). It must be emphasised that this has not always been the case. Giulianotti and Brownell (2012: 211) highlight how sport, despite its importance in modern public life, has ‘tended to be treated as an insufficiently “serious” subject for scholars in the social sciences, arts, and humanities’. Now, however, it is highly regular to speak of a sociology of sport (Dunning, 2004; Malcolm, 2012), sport geography (Bale, 2003), sport history (Mandell, 1984), sport law (Parrish, 2003; Thornton, 2011), the politics of sport (Allison, 1986, 2004), the political sociology of sport (Gilchrist et al., 2015) and physical cultural studies (Silk and Andrews, 2011).