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The origins of sociology are usually traced back to 1839 and the coining of the term by Auguste Comte, one of the important thinkers in the history of the discipline. However, others trace intellectual concern for sociological issues much further back, and it could be argued that schol ars (and non scholars) have been thinking sociologically since the early history of human kind. However, it was not until about a half century after Comte’s creation of the concept that sociology began to develop as a formal and clearly distinct discipline, primarily, at least at first, in Europe and the United States. It was another French thinker, E ´ mile Durkheim, who in the late 1800s was responsible for distinguish ing clearly the subject matter of sociology from neighboring fields. Sociology became institu tionalized in France (thanks, importantly, to Durkheim’s efforts), as well as in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. While sociology in the United States did not take the early lead in the development of key ideas and theories, it did move strongly in the direc tion of institutionalization (as did sociology in other nations, especially Great Britain). Sociol ogy has grown enormously in the one hundred plus years since the work of Durkheim and the early institutionalization of the field and is today a truly globe straddling discipline. The sociological literature is now huge and highly diverse, and is growing exponentially. Journals, and therefore journal articles, devoted to sociol ogy and its many subfields have proliferated rapidly, as has the number of books devoted to sociological topics. This is part of a broader issue identified by another early leader in sociology, Georg Simmel, who was concerned with the increasing gap between our cultural products and our ability to comprehend them. Sociology is one of those cultural products and this encyclopedia is devoted to the goal of allowing interested readers to gain a better understanding of it.