دانلود کتاب بیولوژی و کاربرد درمانی سلول های مزانشیمی- جلد اول و دوم

Serendipity plays a role in the lives of most, if not all, people. I was training in internal medicine at the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, UK, in 1970 when we had a number of young adults admitted with acute leukemia. We referred them to the Royal Marsden Hospital in Sutton, Surrey, which is a hospital that deals only with cancer. I got to know my opposite number there, Dr Sandy Patterson, and one day on the phone he asked me if I was interested in a job there. I said I was, had an interview, and got the job. During my rotation in the Adult Leukemia Unit run by Professor Gordon Hamilton-Fairley, Professor Tim McElwain, and Professor Ray Powles it quickly became evident to me that adults with acute leukemia, while they would often attain remission with combination chemotherapy, almost all relapsed and subsequently died. At the end of the 1960s and in the early 1970s Professor E Donnall Thomas and his team in Seattle, Washington, USA, began their pioneering work on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for people with otherwise incurable hematologic malignancies. He received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work in 1990. Mac and Ray had the foresight to introduce this at the Royal Marsden, and so I got my first exposure to this therapy, which, although difficult and dangerous, miraculously cured some recipients, acting in part by the as then undescribed process known as the graftversus- leukemia effect, mediated by T cells in the donor bone marrow. Amazing stem cell biology fact number 1: the donor’s cells (usually) engraft and the reconstituted hematopoietic and immune systems in the recipient remain (usually) completely of donor origin. Thus, if a sister receives a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) graft from her brother, her blood and immune system cells will carry an XY chromosome and not an XX chromosome. I still find this amazing. I was hooked and I did a 3 month fellowship at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle before joining the staff working with Professor Rainer Storb in the laboratory and as an attending physician on the ward for 4 years. My wife Pauline is Australian and wanted to return there. Professor Jim Biggs had just started Australia’s first bone marrow transplant program and I joined him at St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, in 1981. In 1996 Dr Chris Juttner, who had been running an equivalent bone marrow transplant program in Adelaide, had become Vice-President of Clinical and Regulatory Affairs at Systemix Inc., a biotechnology company started by Professor Irv Weissman of Stanford University with its intellectual property wrapped around the CD34+ CD90+ phenotype of human HSCs. Chris asked me if I would consider running Systemix’s HSC trials in the USA and Europe. This was an exciting if volatile experience. Systemix closed down 2 years later and I subsequently took a position as Vice President of Clinical and Regulatory Affairs at Osiris Therapeutics Inc., a biotechnology company in Baltimore, USA, whose intellectual property covered human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Amazing stem cell biology fact number 2: I listened in astonishment as scientists at Osiris told me about the apparent lack of need for histocompatibility matching between MSC donors and MSC recipients, thus opening the door to the possibility of cryopreserved allogeneic MSC banks with an “off-the-shelf” approach to their use in clinical trials. This hooked me on MSCs and is the reason, 15 years later, for putting this book together.