دانلود کتاب پشتیبانی از کاتالیزور تک اتمی فلزی

Humans have been using natural/synthetic catalysts for thousands of years. The role of these substances is to speed up chemical reactions, without being consumed in the process. A good catalyst must have a high activity and selectivity (produce the right kind of product), and present an acceptable stability/durability, all at an acceptable cost related to the application. Nowadays, catalysis plays a vital role in modern societies, providing pharmaceuticals, commodity and fine chemicals, fuels, and means for protecting the environment. Additionally, catalysis (heterogeneous, homogeneous and enzymatic) is a multidisciplinary science, which has a long-standing importance and impact in pushing forward the frontiers of chemical sciences, posing major fundamental, and conceptual challenges. This has been recognized by more than 20 Nobel prizes in chemistry strongly associated with discoveries related to catalysis. Despite this, still today the precise reasons why catalysts work are often a mystery, even for specialists. However, this does not prevent that at some points, catalysts are involved in more than 80% of the processes of all manufactured products. Consequently, even if most people have no perception of its importance, almost everything in our daily life depends on catalysis.