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Sexuality is a central part of human existence and can constitute identity, bring about wellbeing, and strengthen bonds. Impairments and disturbances of this part of human identity can, therefore, have profound effects and lead to severe stress. Psychologists, medical doctors, and social workers often encounter people with problems and sexual disorders. These problems or disorders can be addressed directly by the patients,1 but in some cases go unreported or are only revealed when directly asked about. Consequently, the level of suffering of those affected also varies. Some disorders cause suffering due to the symptoms themselves, whereas some suffering results from the reactions of the people and due to a lack of acceptance. The structure of this introductory textbook is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in its current 5th edition (DSM-5) since the manual provides a central classification system of mental disorders and is the basis of many studies. In addition, the DSM-5 sets the standard for the classification system “International Classification of Mental Disorders” (ICD-11) of the World Health Organization (WHO), which will be valid from 2022. In the DSM-5, the forms of sexuality are mapped, which, according to current scientific understanding, have disturbance value against the background of social norms.