دانلود کتاب سلفی دموکراسی – سیاست دیجیتال جدید اختلال و شورش

In a candid photograph taken at the G8 Summit in 2010, several of the world’s most powerful leaders peered at a device in President Barack Obama’s hand (figure 0.1). Although his BlackBerry, which allowed remote access to email and the internet, was hardly a novelty by then, there was great global interest in emulating his new digital politics.1 Others were watching Obama’s BlackBerry closely, too. A journalist described the president’s phone as a symbol of “hard-working, tech-obsessed professionals” that connected Obama with his political base, just as Reagan’s cowboy hat represented ties to rural voters.2 Some thought that Obama’s obvious digital proficiency might challenge stereotypes about race and technical knowledge that presented Black Americans as always being on the wrong side of the digital divide.3 Efficiency consultants worried that the device might introduce distraction by dividing the president’s attention between his screen and affairs of state.4 Security experts were concerned with a different threat—that a smartphone might reveal the president’s location to terrorists or allow hackers to access classified documents.5 Years later, Obama would laugh about the BlackBerry’s eventual obsolescence and the limitations of using mobile tools designed to conduct secure communication. “‘Good news Mr. President, we’re going to give you a smartphone instead of a BlackBerry,’” Obama said during an appearance on The Tonight Show. “I’m excited, I get the thing, and they’re like, ‘Well, Mr. President, for security reasons—this is a great phone, state-of- the- art— but it doesn’t take pictures, you can’t text, the phone doesn’t work, you know, you can’t play your music on it.’” Comparing his spy-proof gadget to a toy phone that a three-year- old might use, Obama expressed envy for the much greater functionality that his teenage daughters enjoyed with their everyday smartphones.