دانلود کتاب تجربه گرایی رمانتیک – طبیعت، هنر و اکولوژی از هردر تا هومبولت

Romantic empiricism: two words that are not usually placed side by side, and that seem to suggest opposing philosophical views and tendencies. Romanticism is often associated with idealism and taken to imply a turn to the subject and a focus on the subjective conditions of knowledge. The romantic approach to nature thus tends to be regarded as a form of subjective constructivism. Furthermore, romanticism is identified with a strong interest in the arts and aesthetic experience. Empiricism, by contrast, is outwardly focused and bottom- up, in its view that all knowledge must begin with what is seen or experienced. In addition, some forms of empiricism appear from an idealist perspective to be naive: they underestimate the subject’s creative role in knowledge, or they do not adequately differentiate between what is given to the senses and what is known through the understanding. Finally, contrary to romanticism, empiricism rarely pays attention to the arts and their epistemic significance. In short: romanticism and empiricism hardly resemble one another, and to place them side by side is to offer a paradox of sorts.