دانلود کتاب روح‌های رباتی – برنامه‌نویسی در بشریت

Two of the biggest design problems in Artificial Intelligence are how to build robots that behave in line with human values and how to stop them ever going rogue. One under-explored solution to these alignment and control problems might be to examine how these are already addressed in the design of humans. Looking closely at the human blueprint, it contains a suite of capaci-ties that are so clumsy they have generally been kept away from AI. It was assumed that robots with features like emotions and intuition, that made mistakes and looked for meaning and purpose, would not work as well as robots without this kind of code. But on considering why all these irratio-nal properties are there, it seems that they emerge from the source code of soul. Because it is actually this ‘junk’ code that makes us human and promotes the kind of reciprocal altruism that keeps humanity alive and thriving. Robot Souls looks at developments in AI and reviews the emergence of ideas of consciousness and the soul. It places our ‘junk code’ in this con-text and argues that it is time to foreground that code, and to use it to look again at how we are programming AI. Humanity is at a crossroads. We have advanced far enough in our development of Artificial Intelligence to understand that we are in danger of losing control of it. We have already designed robots that can learn from scratch and be resourceful about finding any data they lack. We have also designed them to re-program themselves if they decide it would improve their ability to meet their objectives. This means that we are increasingly designing ourselves out of their lives. At the moment, our freedoms are protected by a set of assumptions about the dignity of the human person that are actually rather hard to substantiate. Because we have not often had to define our humanity, we are not precise at doing so. And in a world where the regulation and control of Artificial Intelligence is of increasing concern, there is an urgent need to be able to be more precise. One cypher that has been used in history to define humanity is to engage the concept of the soul. Today this is more familiar as the discus-sion of consciousness. But if consciousness is a pre-requisite for human rights, what happens if Artificial Intelligence becomes conscious? This book reviews progress in Artificial Intelligence and examines the traditional debate on consciousness and the soul. It looks at how we might understand soul as the basis for human design, and discovers in it an array of code that is in danger of being overlooked. In particular, it argues that we have deliberately kept this ‘junk code’ away from Artificial Intelligence because we did not appreciate its value. The book concludes that we should instead identify, nurture, and promote this code as the defining feature of our humanity. Furthermore, we should seek to code it into Artificial Intelligence, not only because of its usefulness in design, but also because it is the right