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This book is Volume 12 in the series Amphibian Biology, which covers all aspects of the biology of this fascinating group of vertebrates. Volumes 8 and 10 dealt with conser­vation of amphibians on a topical basis, and Volumes 9 (Western Hemisphere) and 11 (Eastern Hemisphere) examined the threats to amphibians and the status of their decline and conservation on a country-by-country basis. Different subregions were treated in separate issues (Parts) of Volumes 9 and 11. At present the coverage for South America, Asia, Africa, and Europe is complete and has been published; an issue for the Caribbean islands is in press; two issues, one covering the Near East and the other covering Central America and Mexico are in prepa­ration, leaving only the United States and Canada to be launched in a combined Part of Volume 9.

Amphibians, with their permeable skins, cutaneous respiration and dependence on water are especially sensi­tive to pollution, desiccation, and the fragmentation and loss of habitat, and the series has highlighted the threats they face in a world in which climatic instability, emerg­ing new diseases, and a burgeoning human population, with its attendant assault on the natural world, threaten the very existence of the global biota. Amphibians argua­bly have suffered the greatest of any vertebrate taxon, and the one most in need of research dedicated to their con­servation and the prevention of massive extinction. The above library has covered most aspects of this topic and has reviewed the progress of legislation protecting amphibians; the setting aside of refuges; the spread of emergent diseases; the employment of captive breeding; assessment of the threats and classifying the degrees of threat to a wide variety of species; as well as the relevant aspects of the taxonomy, natural history, and distribution of amphibians. Several herpetologists, however, have stressed to me the need to provide a guide to the practical methodology for snatching endangered species of amphibians from the brink of extinction. In recent years, research on this topic has accelerated as the need for it has become more urgent, and it became imperative to review this new information for the benefit of scientists entering this field, for public officials involved in conservation, and for the public in general. Captive breeding programs were discussed in some of the chapters in the country-by-country assessments, but biobanking and the establish­ment of repositories for germplasm have not been covered. As an ever-increasing emerging approach, it is timely to publish a review of this important topic.

The 9th World Congress of Herpetology was convened at the University of Otago in New Zealand in January 2020, by the late Phil Bishop as the last of his many out­standing contributions to herpetology. It provided the opportunity for the fruition of the above approaches. The senior two editors of this volume, Aimee Silla and Andrew Kouba, organised a symposium for the Congress entitled ‘Reproductive Biotechnologies and Biobanking for Amphibian Conservation’. Many of the innovators and practitioners of new methods for propagating amphibians in captivity, and successfully returning them to viability in nature, participated in that symposium, and exposed pitfalls to avoid and created guidelines to use for achiev­ing the desired results. The papers that were presented, and the heuristic discussions that followed, constituted the seed that germinated and flowered into the present book. It is hoped that this modest beginning will stimu­late further, and more effective, research by increasing the number of institutions involved in this endeavour to those already with active programs (see the Appendix at the end of this book) and stimulate collaboration of traditional and emerging technologies, for a better and more endur­ing conservation of earth’s precious amphibian biota.