دانلود کتاب سیستم های ریز تولید انرژی های تجدیدپذیر

In the development of smart grid infrastructure across the world, microge- neration has received tremendous attention. Microgeneration generally refers to the small-scale systems that generate electricity and/or heat for domestic dwellings, for example, solar thermal collectors providing hot water and rooftop photovoltaic panels for electricity generation, as alterna- tives or supplements to the centralized grid-connected power utility. Although the microgeneration is interpreted with different definitions that vary from country to country, the key characteristics of these small-scale local energy generation systems are that the microenergy generation occurs locally to the customers and includes the generation of heat or electricity or both, and it generates small amounts of energy compared with centralized plants. In the United Kingdom, microgeneration is defined as the generation of electricity of up to 50 kW and/or heat of up to 45 kW from a low-carbon source. The microgeneration includes different forms of energy generation: electricity (e.g., solar photovoltaics, microwind, microhydro, micro-CHP, and fuel cells) and heat (e.g., solar thermal, air-source heat pumps, ground- source heat pumps, water-source heat pumps, biomass stoves, and boilers). Effectively the microgeneration empowers consumers to take the lead in addressing the energy transition across the world and may reduce the amount of energy they have to purchase and thus preventing energy pov- erty, particularly in developing countries.