دانلود کتاب پزشکی احیا کننده در سیستم ادراری تناسلی

The Genitourinary system is large and is made up of many organs, these have vital roles in fulfilling normal and healthy functions of the human body. Therefore, the problems and treatments for these conditions are wide and vast. Over 400 million people worldwide are affected by urinary tract abnormalities (Davis, Cunnane, O’Brien, et al., 2018). The most prevalent urethral abnormalities, urethral strictures, affect 1 in 1000 males over the age of 65. Congenital urethral birth defects such as hypospadias, impact 1 in every 300 births (Pastorek et al., 2021). Subsequently, in the first 5 years following surgery, 20% of urethra reconstruction issues occur (Wang et al., 2021). Numerous illnesses can affect urological tissues. Most of these diseases are acquired or congenitally present defects. Patients may need surgical reconstruction to restore the genitourinary tract to its normal state, depending on how severe the aberration is and whether the condition is reoccurring. In the present era, it is still challenging to repair and replace these damaged or aberrant tissues (Caneparo, Sorroza-Martinez, et al., 2021). When organs are damaged or organ failure has occurred, the available surgical procedures include organ transplantation. Surgical interventions are accompanied by a variety of issues, including disease transmission, rejection, and excessive demand, which outweigh the supply. Hence, the need for transplantable tissues and organs is growing, leading to the development and improvement of procedures in regenerative medicine (Guruswamy Damodaran & Vermette, 2018). High hopes have been placed in regenerative medicine using tissue engineering technology because of its progress and promise for ground-breaking therapeutic approaches. Functional outcomes are still unsatisfactory because of poor healing, extensive scarring, and recurrent fibrosis. A unique tissue engineering technologybased approach is being gradually researched for better, more fruitful results. The potential to create organ-specific grafts makes tissue engineering the most promising method for enhancing the outcomes of reconstructive urological treatments. In addition, stem cells and growth factors have a unique opportunity to modify the healing environment specifically, which could advance reconstructive urology to the molecular level (Adamowicz et al., 2019; Chua et al., 2020).